Property Development Glossary

Property Development Glossary

Clear, practical definitions for Queensland property developers. From development applications to zoning overlays, understand the terms that shape your projects.

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B

Body Corporate

The legal entity that manages and maintains common property in a multi-lot development. All owners of individual lots are automatically members of the body corporate and contribute to maintenance through levies.

Essential for apartment buildings, townhouse complexes, and any development with shared facilities or infrastructure.

Building Approval

Formal approval from the local council or private building certifier that a building design complies with the Building Code of Australia and all relevant standards for construction, safety, and performance.

Required before construction can commence. Different from development approval—you need both to legally build.

Bushfire Overlay

A planning overlay that identifies areas at risk from bushfire hazards. Properties within bushfire-prone areas must meet specific construction requirements, setbacks, and design standards to reduce risk.

Common in Queensland's regional and rural areas. Can significantly affect development costs and design feasibility.

C

Code Assessment

An assessment that evaluates whether a proposed development meets the applicable planning scheme codes and performance standards for its zone or category.

Used by councils and certifiers to determine compliance with planning requirements. Different zones have different codes.

Conditional Approval

Development approval granted with conditions that must be satisfied before commencement or before specific stages of development can proceed.

Common in Queensland. Conditions might relate to site works, design modifications, infrastructure, or operational requirements.

Covenant

A legal restriction on how a property can be used or developed, recorded on the title. Covenants are binding on all future owners and must be complied with or removed.

Can affect development potential. Check covenants early—they sometimes restrict density, use, or design elements.

D

DA (Development Application)

The formal submission to local council seeking approval to develop a property. Includes site plans, architectural drawings, specifications, and supporting documentation demonstrating compliance with the planning scheme.

The core approval process in Queensland. DAs can take 4-12 weeks for assessment depending on complexity and council.

Development Approval

Formal permission from council to undertake a development in accordance with the planning scheme, planning scheme codes, and any imposed conditions.

Different from building approval. You need development approval before you can legally commence, but building approval is also required.

Due Diligence

The systematic investigation of a property and development opportunity before commitment, including planning, legal, technical, environmental, and financial assessments.

Critical step before purchasing. Identifies constraints, costs, and risks that affect project viability and value.

Dual Occupancy

A development that provides two separate dwellings on a single lot, either side-by-side or front-to-back, with separate titles or long-term arrangements.

Common development type in Queensland. Requirements vary by council—some allow dual occupancy as-of-right; others require approval.

E

Easement

A legal right to use another person's land for a specific purpose, such as access, drainage, utilities, or services. Easements are recorded on the land title and bind all future owners.

Can affect development design and usable land area. Verify easements during due diligence.

Englobo

A development that consolidates multiple smaller, adjoining lots into a single larger parcel for more comprehensive development planning and increased value creation.

Common strategy to unlock development potential where individual lots are too small for meaningful development.

F

Feasibility Study / Feasibility Report

A detailed analysis to determine whether a proposed development is economically and technically viable, considering construction costs, revenues, timing, market conditions, and required returns.

Essential for decision-making. Poor feasibility analysis leads to uneconomic projects that destroy value.

Flood Overlay

A planning overlay that identifies areas prone to flooding, typically based on historical flood events or hydraulic modelling. Properties in flood zones may have construction restrictions or design requirements.

Common in Queensland along waterways and low-lying areas. Can significantly impact construction costs and building placement.

G

GFA (Gross Floor Area)

The total floor area of a building measured from the external walls, including all floors, roof space, and enclosed areas. Used to calculate densities, plot ratios, and building performance requirements.

Key metric in planning and feasibility. Affects infrastructure charges, building code requirements, and development economics.

GRV (Gross Realisation Value)

The total revenue expected from selling all finished products of a development, before deduction of costs and developer profit. Used in feasibility analysis to determine project economics.

Critical input for feasibility. Based on market rates for finished product. Conservative assumptions are essential.

I

Impact Assessment

An evaluation of how a proposed development will affect traffic, parking, services, environment, and the surrounding area. Often required as supporting documentation for a DA.

Scope depends on development size and type. Traffic impact studies are common for larger developments.

Infrastructure Charges

Contributions required from developers to fund local infrastructure such as roads, water, drainage, waste, and services that support new development in the area.

Significant cost in Queensland. Typically calculated as a per-lot or per-square-metre contribution. Non-refundable.

Infrastructure Agreement

A legal agreement between a developer and council that outlines how development-related infrastructure (roads, drainage, utilities) will be provided, built, and funded.

Required for subdivisions and larger developments. Sets out cost allocation between developer and council.

L

Lot Reconfiguration

The process of dividing or consolidating land lots to create a new subdivision or development pattern that better supports intended development or use.

Often the first planning step in unlocking development potential. Can be achieved through subdivision or consolidation.

M

Material Change of Use (MCU)

A change in the primary use of a property that requires development approval, such as converting residential land to commercial or agricultural to industrial.

Different from changes that don't require approval. MCUs typically require a full DA. Impact varies by planning scheme.

Master Plan

A comprehensive strategic plan showing the overall layout, design vision, staging, and development sequencing for a larger development project across multiple years or stages.

Common for large subdivisions and mixed-use projects. Provides framework for staged development approvals.

N

Neighbourhood Plan

A statutory planning document prepared by local councils that guides development in a specific neighbourhood or precinct, often addressing local character, density, and design outcomes.

Sits between planning scheme and specific DA assessment. Can significantly influence what's approvable in an area.

O

Operational Works

Physical works on a property such as grading, earthworks, drainage, access roads, or site preparation that support development but are not buildings themselves.

Often a significant cost component. May require separate approvals or be included in development approval.

Overlay

An additional layer of planning controls applied to specific geographic areas that identify hazards, environmental constraints, or special requirements affecting what can be developed where.

Examples include flood, bushfire, heritage, and environmental overlays. Check overlays early—they impact feasibility and costs.

P

Planning Scheme

The local council's comprehensive statutory planning document that sets out zoning, codes, overlays, and rules that govern what can be developed where, how, and to what density.

Essential reference document. Defines what's permissible and what requires approval. Changes periodically—verify current version.

Preliminary Approval

An interim approval for part of a development, often granted before full detailed designs are submitted and approved, establishing approval in principle.

Used for staged projects or where full design isn't ready. Later stages must align with preliminary approval parameters.

PDA (Priority Development Area)

Geographic areas designated by the Queensland state government for accelerated development, featuring streamlined approval processes, infrastructure investment focus, and sometimes modified planning requirements.

Advantages include faster approvals and reduced assessment timeframes. Listed on Queensland government websites.

R

Reconfiguration of a Lot (RoL)

The process of subdividing land to create new lots from an existing lot, changing lot boundaries and potentially creating titles. Requires approval if it changes lot configurations.

Core component of subdivision development. RoL approval is distinct from planning approval—both are required.

Residual Land Value

The value of land calculated by subtracting all development costs, required profit, and expenses from the expected total project revenue. Used to determine what can be paid for land.

Critical metric for developers. Negative residual land value means a project doesn't stack up economically.

S

Section 50 (Infrastructure charges notice)

A formal notice from council specifying the infrastructure charges and contributions payable by a developer for a specific development, issued before or at development approval.

Binding document. Specifies exact amounts due. Budget these as hard costs before development commences.

Stormwater Management

The systems, designs, and controls for managing rainwater runoff from developed sites to prevent flooding, protect drainage networks, and meet environmental standards.

Regulatory requirement. Design depends on site conditions, size, and council requirements. Can be a significant development cost.

Subdivision

The process of dividing a parcel of land into multiple lots, usually to create separate titles for sale, development, or ownership. Requires council approval.

Common development strategy. Economics depend on lot configuration, market demand, and infrastructure costs.

T

Town Planning

The discipline and profession concerned with land use, development control, urban design, and creating functioning, sustainable communities and places.

Professional field requiring qualifications. Town planners advise on development strategy, DA preparation, and council negotiations.

Torrens Title

The Australian system of land registration that guarantees ownership of land through a government-maintained register, rather than relying on possession of title deeds.

Predominant system in Queensland. Provides greater security and clarity than older systems. Recorded at Land Titles Office.

U

Use Class

A category used in planning schemes to classify what a property can be used for, such as residential, commercial, industrial, or special use, with associated approval requirements and restrictions.

Fundamental to planning assessment. Different classes have different approval pathways and code requirements.

Y

Yield

The return on investment generated by a development project, typically expressed as a percentage of invested capital. Key metric for evaluating project performance.

Target yields vary by developer and project type. Determines viability threshold and comparison with alternative investments.

Z

Zone / Zoning

The planning classification assigned to a property that determines what types of development and uses are permitted, at what density, and under what approval process.

Critical determinant of development potential. Zones include residential, commercial, industrial, and mixed-use. Check planning scheme for specific zone definitions.
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